Puka Pukara is a military ruins
site, located in mid-southern Peru, approximately 4 to 5 miles from Cusco on
the road to Pisac and near the Antisuyo, Cusco Region. Puka Pukara is also
known with “Puca Pucara means in Quechua “red fortress”. This is actually a big
fortress, made of large walls, terraces, and staircases an example of military
architecture. The fortress purpose to defense of Cusco in particular and the
Inca Empire in general. The name likely to be comes from the red color of rocks
at dusk. The Fortress was also use for an administrative center, probably
placed to give the military extra vision over important parts of the empire.
The fortress is also located on high ground a bird eye view of Cusco valley and
Tambo Machay, creating a beautiful view.
The exact date of construction is not
confirmed, however Puka Pukara is a one of Incan ruins, and one theory
describes, perhaps constructed during the reign of Pachacutec, who was 9th
ruler of the empire. Thus, this is very important strategic location of the
ruins, as a overlooking point and one kilometer away from Tambomachay, gives
more reason to think that this was a military place.
The walls stones are in irregular
shaped stacked together in kind of a here-and-there style to make walls that
are fully functional. As far as architecture the walls are not too beautiful,
contrast to a lot of other sites in the region. Probably the walls, and
building were built in somewhat hurry, as Puka Pukara military headquarters required
urgently. During the construction, the variable sized and shaped stones
actually have been a red color due to all the iron in the limestone used in the
walls. Other possible explanations: when the Inca would go to Tambomacay, part
of the warriors would stay in to keep guard, and since the two places are not
that far apart they would communicate through mirrors reflecting light or they
could also have used pieces of gold?.
However, the real function of
Puka Pukara’s was partially a military based. It was placed on such an
important place, as major roads and watch-point to grey areas, also monitor the
people causing disturbance. In the modern terms, you could say is a checkpoint
on the road, stopping people, investigating, suspicious travelling in/out into
the empire. Besides, it may be served as military groups stop travelling
nearby. Moreover, may believe it was a place of rest for hunters and weary
travelers as well as Incan nobles, due to its entire luxurious baths, canals,
plazas, fountains and separate rooms.
This is Peru’s most prominent
archaeological sites in the city of Cusco, and most noteworthy place to observe
the Peruvian ruins. So, visitor’s likes to visit this area, due to its
magnificent views of surrounding jungle and ruins, and hues that are probably
change the color of the walls around sunset. The common thing of people lives
here to set up tables selling small souvenirs to take pictures of groups in
front of ruins jus for the mere of few sols. Therefore, overall, Puka Pukara is
not a main travel attraction in the area, and that is the reason why very few
people come to visit it.