Friday 6 December 2019

The Ancient Skyscrapers

Far out on the Giza Plateau, in the desert on the outskirts of what is modern-day Cairo, Egypt, loom three of the most familiar and yet most mysterious megalithic structures in the world. The great pyramids of Egypt, like three bronze mountains, orphaned on the plain. The Great Pyramid of Khufu, the oldest and largest of the three, towers four hundred and eighty feet above the sand, or as high as a fifty-story skyscraper.
Weighing in at six and a half million tons, it took two and a half million blocks of stone to build the structure. And those two and a half million blocks of stone? They are believed to have come from a quarry five hundred miles away from the site of the pyramids. The average weight of each stone is an astonishing two and a half tons, with the heaviest stone weighing in at an estimated fifty to eighty tons.
The Great Pyramid is one of the greatest marvels of architectural engineering in world history. And yet archaeologists have long speculated about how the ancient Egyptians were able to build such a structure. In today’s largest construction sites and quarries, massive mega-machines are used to dig, cut, and lift the stone. These man-made vehicles dwarf their builders and perform the work of thousands of men, using modern hydraulic technology.
Without equipment such as bulldozers, cranes, forklifts, and excavators, builders could never construct modern skyscrapers. According to Egyptologists, the civilization that built the pyramids, however, had not yet invented the wheel, did not have pulleys, and had not discovered the iron. Mainstream Egyptologists believe that ancient Egyptians built the pyramids with only the simplest of tools: stone balls, copper chisels, rope.
But with these limited tools, how did they cut giant blocks of stone with such precision? Our ancestors, number one, had a completely different technological frame of reference from us. And number two, they didn’t have the words for things like cranes. At the time, they didn’t have the words for engines or machines or motors or helicopter blades or fuel pumps.
So, they described whatever they saw with the vocabulary they had access to that best described whatever it was they were witnessing. And therefore, we have such bizarre stories today of things flying up in the sky, or things descending, or people falling to the ground because the Earth was trembling and there was a lot of noise, fire, and whirling dust and wind. People thought they had a divine encounter when it was no such thing.
One question we must ask ourselves is how the inside of the pyramid was lit, because the deeper you go inside, the darker it gets, and after only a few corners, after walking through these shafts, it gets pitch-dark. There is no light in there from the outside. Suggestions have been made that the ancient Egyptians used copper mirrors in every corner of the corridors, diverting the sunlight from the outside all the way inside.
Though, the copper mirrors that were found from ancient Egyptian times were very dull. They weren’t highly polished mirrors as we are familiar with these days. There have been investigators who have set up these real-life experiments where they determined quickly that if these mirrors were indeed placed in these shafts. After only three or four corners, the sunlight would have dissipated and disappeared. So that theory didn’t hold up.
How did they transport massive blocks of stone hundreds of miles on the sand and then lift them precisely into place? In fact, there is little consensus among mainstream historians and Egyptologists as to the actual tools and methods used in constructing the pyramids. Notwithstanding years of research and study, archaeologists and Egyptologists remain indefinite.
The second theory was that they just used torches, but that would mean you would find leftovers of soot on the ceilings. As we understand it, though, no remnants of soot have ever been found. Even when they tested for microscopic leftovers, they didn’t find anything.
Hence, the only remaining conclusion is that the ancient Egyptians lit the inside with some type of artificial light source. Why am I discussing this? Is there evidence for an artificial light source? The answer is yes. in which they found those carvings are underground and it was always called the Secret Chamber of Secret Knowledge.
Only the high priests had access to those panels. Why? Is it because the high priests were the initiates who had direct contact with extraterrestrials who were taught how to handle these types of technology? The whole Giza Plateau is some sort of power plant.
Others have suggested that the reason we have pyramids and obelisks all around the world is that they have acted like some type of wireless technology stations relay stations that would transmit the power from one place to another.
And this is partly due to their crystalline properties. Now, think that that was the case? More of a nuts-and-bolts basic kind of guy, as in, sure, these might’ve been used for some type of power relay stations, and that’s highly fascinating. However, the main question is, how was it done? Because these things originate from a time when, according to mainstream archaeologists, we were carving with chicken bones.
You would be being facetious with the chicken bones, but even a copper tool doesn’t work on a granite boulder, you know if it requires cutting. Therefore, the copper tool is like a chicken bone. It’s physically impossible that it worked. We are talking about physics. You cannot cut a dense stone with a material that is softer than the stone in question.
The shape of a pyramid is one of the most telling common threads that we have in the entire ancient astronaut theory because pyramids exist worldwide. They exist not only where cultures were flourishing. But also, in places where at times there were no cultures flourishing and suddenly you find pyramid shapes. For example, in Central America they have stepped pyramids, and the ancient ziggurats of Sumer were also stepped.
We have pyramids in China and ancient Greece. Ecuador is filled with pyramids inside the jungle that have remained unexplored. The Cholula Pyramid in Mexico is the world’s largest monument ever constructed by human hands. In fact, the volume of the Cholula Pyramid the whole pyramid complex is around 4.45 million cubic meters. The great pyramid in Egypt has only 2.5 million cubic meters in volume.
The question is, Why? How is it that all around the world we find these similar structures? Because it doesn’t matter where we go, the construction styles are almost undistinguishable. It’s as if all these ancient builders went to the same school. Or, as the ancient astronaut theory recommends these people were all visited by the same teachers the same extraterrestrials and given these design ideas in order to build monuments that would withstand time. Because all these pyramids are nothing but calling cards for the future.
They’re unbelievable feats of technology and engineering, and a society with no evolution in technology would not really be able to pull them off without an evolution in technology. Moreover, the question then becomes, is it possible that the knowledge to build these structures was given by beings from above?
And by that, another very intriguing fact is that many of the ancient pyramids either align or are built-in some reference to the Orion and Sirius constellations. Why? The answer to that might be that those extraterrestrials came from those constellations. So, there is a solid possibility that extraterrestrials did come from exactly those spots in our galaxy.
Were the areas around these pyramids landing sites? Is that why the Chinese and Egyptians both oriented their pyramids toward Orion and Sirius? There may have been a connection. To me, this is evidence that flesh-and-blood extraterrestrials traveled around the Earth, sharing this knowledge with different ancient cultures.
When there are pyramids all around the world, to attribute that simply to coincidence is a cop-out. It is incredible to suggest that all of a sudden they all just woke up and decided to create these shapes in the form of pyramids. So, the fact that they all look similar and have these bizarre stories in conjunction with those pyramid shapes, I think that we have to start looking at these symbols and ask, how did they originate and from where?



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Wednesday 6 November 2019

Turnip Rock - Most Amazing Rock Formations

Turnip Rock is a beautiful geological formation in Michigan. It is wondrous stack formation located in Lake Huron a few meters off the coast in Port Austin. The massive stone formed after a millennium of being worn by crashing waves thumping across its bow. In prehistoric times, Turnip Rock gets separated from the mainland. Then with the passage of time, some small trees engulfed the rock. The powerful stormy waves undercut the large cross-section of its base.

The exclusive formation attracting thousands of visitors each year, despite it, is located on private property. Turnip Rock was part of 20 finalists of Seven The wonder of Michigan in 2013. Turnip Rock only accessible through water and no public road there or slogging across the frozen surface of Lake Huron. Moreover, to prevent the further undercutting a concrete collar has been built around the base of the rock.

The mesmerizing sculptured landmass is full of serenity. One can see about 20ft high trees and vegetation, acrobatic squirrels and very little else on the top of the isolated rock. However, on the west side, you can find thumb rock also called Thumbnail of Michigan.

Getting to unique natural rock is not difficult as it’s about a 3 to 4 hours of 7 miles round trip. The water around the Turnip Rock is comparatively shallow and does allow voyagers to park their boats and walk around.  Thus, one can upload a few photographs to all social media platforms. Also, be careful and put appropriate shoes, as the rocks can be quite slippery especially in the rainy weather.

The journey to soft limestone is for single kayak use only and is frequently accessible from March to mid-November. CNN called this place is one of the “Most Amazing Rock Formations” in the United States and Pure Michigan featured Turnip Rock on its magazine cover in 2016. Please keep important things with you, i.e., life jacket, sunscreen, sunglasses, towel, Mobile phone, and a dry bag. Also, take adequate water and something to munch on.
On the weekend, there are many paddlers enjoying the rock journey. If the area is quite rush, then move ahead to explore the cave, that features border the Pointe Aux Barques community. This cave was hideouts for fugitives for the late eighteen century. 
Related Reading !
  1. Brimham Rocks – Balancing Rock Formation of Yorkshire
  2. Wave Rock, A Strange Rock Formation in Australia
  3. The Shiprock New Mexico




Tuesday 5 November 2019

Jiaozhou Bay Bridge – The Marvel of Civil Engineering

The T-shaped Jiaozhou Bay Bridge is a 26.7 km long roadway bridge in eastern China's Shandong province. Out of 25.9 km are over water representing the total length of three legs of the bridge. It is also called Qingdao Haiwan Bridge which is part of the 41.58 km Jiaozhou Bay Connection Project. The purpose of the bridge as part of the plan to provide better connectivity between the two fast-growing industrial regions on either side of the Jiaozhou Bay.
Qingdao is a fast-growing coastal city, playing an intergyral part in the country’s development strategy. So, the ever-growing business could not meet the ferry service providing to passenger and cargo levels. Jiaozhou Bay Bridge longest continuous segment is 25.9 km making it one of longest bridges in the world. This bridge reduces the road distance between eastern port city of Qingdao and an offshore island, Huangdao by 30 km and travel time from 20 to 30 minutes.
The main entry and exit points in Huangdao and the Licang District of Qingdao. The Bay bridge construct with the mammoth 450,000 tons of steel and 2.3 cubic meters of concrete supported by 5,238 concrete piles. The Jiaozhou Bay Bridge can face any catastrophic natural disastrous. It is designed to tackle the severe earthquakes (more than 8 magnitude), typhoons, even collision of gigantic ship (300,000-ton vessel).
The bridge cross-section comprises of two beams in total 115 ft wide carrying six lanes with two shoulders. The bridge is part of the Jiaozhou Bay Connection Project, which includes overland expressways and the Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay tunnel. The total length of the project is 41.58 km. The Jiaozhou Bay has an annual ice period of two months expected to have at least 100 years of lifespan.
Moreover, cushion caps made the bridge’s pillars from the force of waves and freezing. Hence, considering the bay freezes annually and holds high volumes of salt, waves, and freezing patterns.  The water design of these 1,258 cushion caps adequately protects the bridge.
Jiaozhou Bay Bridge was opened for the public on 30th June 2011. After that Guinness World Records listed it the longest bridge over frozen water (total length). The record was taken by the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge in October 2018. Jiaozhou Bay Bridge had the first oversea interchange in the world and that it has the world's largest number of oversea bored concrete piles.
The idea was presented by the Chinese Communist Party, and it took four years to complete at a massive cost of US$8.8 billion. There are several concerns raised regarding the quality of material used in construction. Such as poor crash-barriers, missing lighting, and loose nuts on guard nails. However, the bridge chief engineer rejects the safety concerns and claimed perfect for traffic and meeting the safety measures.
Jiaozhou Bay Bridge combines all the fields of civil engineering for an impressive result. Jiaozhou Bay Bridge claims to be the first self-anchored suspension bridge in the world with a single tower, which is 149m high.







The Magical Marble Caves of Patagonia, Chile

The South American Patagonia is one of a magical place in the world that's marked by its melodramatic landscapes. The Marble Caves of Patagonia dubbed as the most wonderful cave network in Latin America. It is also called as “Cuevas de Marmol” or “Marble Cathedral” is a more than 6,000-year-old, sculpture hewn by the crashing waves calcium carbonate of Lake General Carrera in Southern Chile.
The area is intricate caverns are part of a peninsula made of solid marble encircled by the glacial Lake that spans the Chile-Argentina border. The Marble Caves of Patagonia's swirling pattern and its interiors reflect the lake’s azure waters, change in intensity depending on the water levels uttered by weather and time of the year. The early morning sunlight breaks into the openings of the Marble Caves reflects off the water and splashes the marble walls of the cave with distinct shades and patterns of blue hue.
This unique geological marvel attracts visitors to see the constantly changing beauty in its appearance. At the start of the Spring season, the shallow turquoise water creates a crystalline shimmer against the Marble Caves. The swirling walls increase the deep blue hue that gives an exclusive unworldly shade. Although, water level significantly affected due to the freezing and melting of the surrounding glaciers. The cold freezing water of the lake takes the fine silt sediments that rest on the lake bed.
To see this unique marvel, you must pass an arduous journey. You have to travel almost 800 miles on major highways to the next big city Coyhaique. After that, you must be followed by a 200-mile drive on rough dirt roads towards the lake. Eventually, you need a boat to access the caves. Although this journey is fair difficult and long challenging. But you will forget the tiredness to see the enchanting beauty of Marble Caves of Patagonia, which is worthwhile.
This region has rising mountains, extensive ice fields, towering glaciers, and land forever altered by volcanic activity. The best time to visit this natural place between Sep to Feb. During these months, the ice melts and feeding the lake, which changes the color of water particularly enchanting turquoise. 

It is a great place for photography, then you have to go here early morning when sunlight is perfect for nature photography. Here the ferry service will take you to and through the Marble cave and its tunnels. Whenever you go to this part of the world, then you should list this place on top of your sightseeing plan.










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Monday 21 October 2019

Keti Bunder – A Wildlife Sanctuary at Thatha, Sindh

Keti Bunder is part of Indus Delta and situated at Thatha district, Sindh, Pakistan. The diversity of avian dominance and diversity of Keti Bunder; carried out at dawn and dusk in the winter season. Keti Bunder is situated at the mouth of the River Indus recognized as Ochito, which is entering through Hajamro creek consisting of an area of 9,130 hectares.
The mangrove forests are key forest and ecological features of this region. These mangroves covering an area of 2,631ha with the large size of 1996 ha. However, the medium size is about 3,588 ha with sparsely distributed. The remaining part consists of human settlements, Sand dunes, and water channels.
The area is consisting of a large number of channels on the western and the eastern sides. Whereas, on the other two sides are shallow and deep-water channels namely Hajamro Creek, Khobar Creek, Dabbo Creek, and Qalandri Creek.
Keti Bunder consists of 195 villages with the estimated population of the whole is about 27,405 and the number of households is more than 4,000. These towns are widely distributed in 35 acres area around the seawater. In a survey, around 49 winter season bird species belonging to 33 genera and 21 families were recorded. A total of 4280 birds were recorded dedicated survey effort from the Keti Bunder.
The most abundant species in this area are little egret, cattle egret, greater flamingo, greater egret, and common coot. The beautiful bird species number is decreasing with the passage of time due to anthropogenic impacts especially pollution impact.
The exponential growth of the population of humans has badly impacted the avian species in many ways such as; habitat loss, deforestation, invasive species, agriculture intensification, urbanization, industrialization, human-avian negative interactions, and climate change.
Almost, 90% of people are engaged with the fish industry. These fishermen are with different casts present in the area. The Syed and Memon communities are said to be well-reputed in terms of socioeconomic status, while the majority of them have a small business with agriculture land. The people are involved in fisheries in different ways as; fishermen, boat owners, boat captain, helpers in factories, transporters, merchant shops and drivers of fish carrier vehicles.
Keti Bunder is a Wildlife Sanctuary; for the conservation of water birds. The winter visitor and summer breeder’s birds are herons, egrets, waders, pelicans and raptors. Common terrestrial mammals are fishing cat (Prionailurus viverrrinus), Indian wild boar (Sus scrofa), Asiatic jackal (Canis aureus) and Indian porcupine (Manis crassicaudatus).
The most common reptiles are sea snakes, vipers, cobras and lizards. For the identification of avian species was a wildlife sanctuary, 2nd was Keti Bunder port and the remaining two were rural areas of the habitats. Each place visited for four months. Once in each month and twice a day at dawn and dusk.
Only one bird watcher moves from one place to another through ship or boat to measure bird diversity. The species of birds in the winter season from Head Qadirabad, Punjab. The freshwater areas of Pakistan have a high species number as compared to coastal areas of Pakistan. The freshwater landscapes have higher and unique nesting, roosting, feeding, shelter and breeding sites as compared with coastal areas.
However, the other reason is that industrial wastes, pesticides, household wastes are dumped in all rivers that polluted rivers water is entered in coastal water from all over the rivers of Pakistan. The anthropogenic impacts like deforestation, land degradation, agriculture use, shipping, high rate of fishing, urbanization, fertilizers and pesticide use, and ethno-avian use the main causes of species depletion.
The species number is getting low while the population of the bird is higher as compared with freshwater birds. The reason is that homogeneity in the landscape in the coastal area e.g. only mangrove plantation is present while freshwater landscapes have heterogeneity in landscapes, i.e., grasses, herbs, shrubs, and tree plantation.
It is concluded that bird species number is decreasing with the passage of time and noted that freshwater birds’ diversity is higher than coastal birds’ species. The reason is that pollution rat is increasing day by day in coastal areas of Pakistan. But it is also noted that less heterogeneity of landscape of the coastal area of Pakistan as compared with the freshwater landscape.

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  2. Mahodand Lake – Unimaginable Natural Beauty
  3. Saifullah Lake – A Gem lies at Foothills of Hindu Kush Mountains

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Sunday 13 October 2019

The Dam Climbing Alpine Ibex (Capra ibex)


Alpine Ibex (Capra ibex) are big wild mountain goats that live among the peaks in the European Alps where predators cannot reach. They are a sexually dimorphic goat with larger curved horns and like to occupy the steep, rocky terrain above the tree line between 2000 to 3000 meters above sea level. It is extremely difficult to live there because there is no food upon the point.
These goats are very social as both males and females live separately most of the year and coming together just for the mating purpose. The breeding season begins in early December and lasts around six weeks. During this time, male Ibex herds break up into smaller groups that look for females.
When the spring and summer season comes, then plenty of grass available to them for feed. Like the snow falling starts, they are fattening up and build reserves to meet their requirements in winters. During the colder weather, the Alpine Ibex make their homes safely in the clouds. Many studies have shown the flexibility of their social systems related to environmental conditions.
The Capra ibex sibiricais related to predation, winter snowpack, forage availability, and human activities; in moose and white-tailed deer snowfall has an important influence on habitat selection. During the rut, ibexes used larch woods and rocky slopes, probably to minimize the risk of avalanches.
In the spring there was great variability in the use of the different habitats. The ibexes exploited all kinds of fresh vegetation to gratify their energetic requirements, and low altitude pastures were used only in this season. In summer, Ibexes stayed at a higher altitude, above the timberline and seemed to prefer Alpine meadows and stone ravines.
The Alpine Ibex lacks some essential minerals in their diet, like salt which aren’t available in the grass.  Like many herbivores, the Ibex must seek out natural salt licks. In the spring season, they meet their salt requirements but licking rock surfaces for leached salts. The concrete Dams fulfills the needs of salt and minerals to Alpine Ibex. These Dams release the calcium-aluminum mineral during the curing process. This process is also called ettringite almost 20% available in hardened concrete.
The Alpine Ibex are excellent climbers. They can easily climb any sheer vertical face of the dam’s wall. During the climbing process, they use small protruding boulders as a foothold to lick ettringite off the dam’s wall surface. These mountain goats scale such massive heights due to their soft, split hooves.
The Ibex can scale such great heights because of their soft, split hooves that can grip any surface like a pincer. The large grazing mountain goats’ ungulates habitat has been studied in reintroduced populations in the central and eastern European Alps.
The Italian Cingino Dam is a famous place where many Alpine Ibex’s gravity-defying stunts.  Moreover, such unusual behavior has also been observed at the Barbellino dam in Lombardy, and Lago della Rossa dam in Valli di Lanzo, Piemonte. The Alpine ibex approaches sexual maturity at around 18 months, but females do not reach their maximum body size for 5 to 6 years.
The Alpine ibex almost became extinct all over Europe at the beginning of the XIX century. However, they were surviving only in the area around the Mt Grivola within what these days are the Gran Paradiso National Park Italian Alps. The population was saved from extinction and recovered thanks to the setting up of the royal hunting reserve in 1856. Then later anomalous behavior compared with autochthonous ones.









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