Keti Bunder – A Wildlife Sanctuary at Thatha, Sindh

Keti Bunder is part of Indus Delta and situated at Thatha district, Sindh, Pakistan. The diversity of avian dominance and diversity of Keti Bunder; carried out at dawn and dusk in the winter season. Keti Bunder is situated at the mouth of the River Indus recognized as Ochito, which is entering through Hajamro creek consisting of an area of 9,130 hectares.

The mangrove forests are key forest and ecological features of this region. These mangroves covering an area of 2,631ha with the large size of 1996 ha. However, the medium size is about 3,588 ha with sparsely distributed. The remaining part consists of human settlements, Sand dunes, and water channels.

The area is consisting of a large number of channels on the western and the eastern sides. Whereas, on the other two sides are shallow and deep-water channels namely Hajamro Creek, Khobar Creek, Dabbo Creek, and Qalandri Creek.

Keti Bunder consists of 195 villages with the estimated population of the whole is about 27,405 and the number of households is more than 4,000. These towns are widely distributed in 35 acres area around the seawater. In a survey, around 49 winter season bird species belonging to 33 genera and 21 families were recorded. A total of 4280 birds were recorded dedicated survey effort from the Keti Bunder.

The most abundant species in this area are little egret, cattle egret, greater flamingo, greater egret, and common coot. The beautiful bird species number is decreasing with the passage of time due to anthropogenic impacts especially pollution impact.

The exponential growth of the population of humans has badly impacted the avian species in many ways such as; habitat loss, deforestation, invasive species, agriculture intensification, urbanization, industrialization, human-avian negative interactions, and climate change.

Almost, 90% of people are engaged with the fish industry. These fishermen are with different casts present in the area. The Syed and Memon communities are said to be well-reputed in terms of socioeconomic status, while the majority of them have a small business with agriculture land. The people are involved in fisheries in different ways as; fishermen, boat owners, boat captain, helpers in factories, transporters, merchant shops and drivers of fish carrier vehicles.

Keti Bunder is a Wildlife Sanctuary; for the conservation of water birds. The winter visitor and summer breeder’s birds are herons, egrets, waders, pelicans and raptors. Common terrestrial mammals are fishing cat (Prionailurus viverrrinus), Indian wild boar (Sus scrofa), Asiatic jackal (Canis aureus) and Indian porcupine (Manis crassicaudatus).

The most common reptiles are sea snakes, vipers, cobras and lizards. For the identification of avian species was a wildlife sanctuary, 2nd was Keti Bunder port and the remaining two were rural areas of the habitats. Each place visited for four months. Once in each month and twice a day at dawn and dusk.

Only one bird watcher moves from one place to another through ship or boat to measure bird diversity. The species of birds in the winter season from Head Qadirabad, Punjab. The freshwater areas of Pakistan have a high species number as compared to coastal areas of Pakistan. The freshwater landscapes have higher and unique nesting, roosting, feeding, shelter and breeding sites as compared with coastal areas.

However, the other reason is that industrial wastes, pesticides, household wastes are dumped in all rivers that polluted rivers water is entered in coastal water from all over the rivers of Pakistan. The anthropogenic impacts like deforestation, land degradation, agriculture use, shipping, high rate of fishing, urbanization, fertilizers and pesticide use, and ethno-avian use the main causes of species depletion.

The species number is getting low while the population of the bird is higher as compared with freshwater birds. The reason is that homogeneity in the landscape in the coastal area e.g. only mangrove plantation is present while freshwater landscapes have heterogeneity in landscapes, i.e., grasses, herbs, shrubs, and tree plantation.

It is concluded that bird species number is decreasing with the passage of time and noted that freshwater birds’ diversity is higher than coastal birds’ species. The reason is that pollution rat is increasing day by day in coastal areas of Pakistan. But it is also noted that less heterogeneity of landscape of the coastal area of Pakistan as compared with the freshwater landscape.

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The Dam Climbing Alpine Ibex (Capra ibex)

Alpine Ibex (Capra ibex) are big wild mountain goats that live among the peaks in the European Alps where predators cannot reach. They are a sexually dimorphic goat with larger curved horns and like to occupy the steep, rocky terrain above the tree line between 2000 to 3000 meters above sea level. It is extremely difficult to live there because there is no food upon the point.

These goats are very social as both males and females live separately most of the year and coming together just for the mating purpose. The breeding season begins in early December and lasts around six weeks. During this time, male Ibex herds break up into smaller groups that look for females.

When the spring and summer season comes, then plenty of grass available to them for feed. Like the snow falling starts, they are fattening up and build reserves to meet their requirements in winters. During the colder weather, the Alpine Ibex make their homes safely in the clouds. Many studies have shown the flexibility of their social systems related to environmental conditions.

The Capra ibex sibiricais related to predation, winter snowpack, forage availability, and human activities; in moose and white-tailed deer snowfall has an important influence on habitat selection. During the rut, ibexes used larch woods and rocky slopes, probably to minimize the risk of avalanches.

In the spring there was great variability in the use of the different habitats. The ibexes exploited all kinds of fresh vegetation to gratify their energetic requirements, and low altitude pastures were used only in this season. In summer, Ibexes stayed at a higher altitude, above the timberline and seemed to prefer Alpine meadows and stone ravines.

The Alpine Ibex lacks some essential minerals in their diet, like salt which aren’t available in the grass.  Like many herbivores, the Ibex must seek out natural salt licks. In the spring season, they meet their salt requirements but licking rock surfaces for leached salts. The concrete Dams fulfills the needs of salt and minerals to Alpine Ibex. These Dams release the calcium-aluminum mineral during the curing process. This process is also called ettringite almost 20% available in hardened concrete.

The Alpine Ibex are excellent climbers. They can easily climb any sheer vertical face of the dam’s wall. During the climbing process, they use small protruding boulders as a foothold to lick ettringite off the dam’s wall surface. These mountain goats scale such massive heights due to their soft, split hooves.

The Ibex can scale such great heights because of their soft, split hooves that can grip any surface like a pincer. The large grazing mountain goats’ ungulates habitat has been studied in reintroduced populations in the central and eastern European Alps.

The Italian Cingino Dam is a famous place where many Alpine Ibex’s gravity-defying stunts.  Moreover, such unusual behavior has also been observed at the Barbellino dam in Lombardy, and Lago della Rossa dam in Valli di Lanzo, Piemonte. The Alpine ibex approaches sexual maturity at around 18 months, but females do not reach their maximum body size for 5 to 6 years.

The Alpine ibex almost became extinct all over Europe at the beginning of the XIX century. However, they were surviving only in the area around the Mt Grivola within what these days are the Gran Paradiso National Park Italian Alps. The population was saved from extinction and recovered thanks to the setting up of the royal hunting reserve in 1856. Then later anomalous behavior compared with autochthonous ones.

 Read More – Golden Chains of Laburnum / The Snapping Turtles (Chelydra serpentina)

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The Wave at Coyote Buttes

The Coyote Buttes, in a remote region on the Arizona-Utah border, was considered inaccessible and almost unknown. It has become easier to explore the desert back country and venture into locations that were once too hazardous and too distant. These places are protected by acts of Congress as wilderness areas, to keep them from being overrun and exploited. The area has dinosaur track way in this region densely packed more than 1,000 footprints roughly 200 million years ago.

The BLM (Bureau of Land Management) uses a quota system and granted limited numbers of permits to keep visitors to a minimum in brittle areas like the Coyote Buttes. The BLM website has maps of the Coyote Buttes area, showing hiking advice and offers permits to anyone. Because of the most beautiful places like “The Wave,” in the North Unit of the Coyote Buttes, are national treasures.

With such exclusive examples of geology, they should be kept open and reachable to those able to make the spirited hike into this remote region. They want to preserve these subtle and delicate lands and don’t want to be locked out. Photographers should be able to enjoy and photograph these remote and protected parts of America. The Wave can be really challenging to locate due to the lack of an established, marked trail.

Most of the North Unit of Coyote Buttes lies at an elevation of five-thousand feet. Because the winter snows on the Slick rock can hide the trail and make it slicker. A light dusting of snow on the tops of the formations can make a fantasy land for photographers. Anyone entering the region in mid-winter must be prepared for cold weather.

When you scroll through the BLM Website and find spaces still available for hiking permits during Dec, Jan, and Feb, but make sure that you may be lucky and get a permit for a cool, clear, bright day or you may arrive during a blizzard. Control Tower and East Tepees are one of the more prominent and interesting rock features in this region.

It is also listed later with GPS coordinates, as it is both interesting, and very good central locator for the East Tepee group. In the early morning or late afternoon, the wave becomes draped in shadows that hide many of its rainbow colors and curves. The region covered by the wave is not large, but it offers delightful photographic possibilities. Source: 

Read More – The Snapping Turtles (Chelydra serpentina)

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Giethoorn Netherland – The Little Venice

Giethoorn is also famous “Venice of the North” or “Venice of the Netherland”. It is a small town has no roads and cars, but instead - more than hundred bridges over miles of canals. The town quaint canals and rustic wooden bridges interconnecting the peoples. Geithoorn is home to less than 3,000 people. They reside in the islands connected with wooden bridges. Geithoorn is in the province of Overijssel, surrounded by an immense natural reservation entitled De Wieden, every so often included in tourist brochures.

A four miles of canals separating the different islets. Geithoorn people traveling through small boats, including row boats, whisper boats. The small town is a river city look like a crass metropolis. Geithoorn were formed by Franciscan monks in the 13the century dug peat unearthing about one meter deep. Footpaths beside the canals are ideal for pedestrians, and wide selection of cafes and restaurants pleasing way of spending an afternoon.

 Giethoorn became locally famous, particularly when the Dutch film maker Bert Haanstra made his famous comedy Fanfare there in 1958. Moreover, a cycling path was eventually added in the older part of the village. This is a popular tourist attraction in the world. More than 150,000 tourists visit the Geithoorn every year. Giethoorn firstly served as part of a large nature reserve.

The quacking ducks enjoy the narrow canals system and do not disturb village peace. However, the postman uses a boat to deliver the mail. The sedate walking paths offer a picture-que view when easily-frozen water routes make for prime skating in the winter. One can ice skate both on the canals and on the adjacent charming lakes.

It is highly suggested to visit in extreme winter if you are not familiar with coldness. It is a perfect place for peace lover who can chill there without city rush. The cleanliness, colorful flowers, beautiful old house, and lush green scenery offers a life time view to visitors.  The Dutch Venice is simply unforgettable laced with serenity with its idyllic beauty, lakes, colorful flowers and wooden bridges.  Source: CP

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Wild Goose Island, Glacier National Park, Montana

Wild Goose Island lies within Saint Mary Lake in Glacier National Park in the U.S. state of Montana. This is tiny Island of just 4,496 feet and rising a mere 14 ft from the surface of lake water. It is dwarfed by the lake and nearby mountains yet are of one of the most commonly photographed locations along the Going-to-the-Sun Road. Wild Goose Island features flagrantly captured in the strange opening shot of the 1980 horror movie “The Shining”.

If you are photograph lovers, then this is a magical iconic place to shoot sunrise and sunset. The Island is off the beaten road, and the road is a bit rough. Take it and be charmed by the sights and watch out for the rock "bears". It really wasn't a bear -darn. This may be one of the prettiest places you would have had the good fortune of visiting. It will leave you in awe of the lovely country in which you live. In winter “Going-To-The-Sun Road” is closed, hence they often open a section past the viewpoint by the middle of June and July, so you need to be sure to check the road conditions.

The tiny Island lies among the most beautiful mountain in that region. The ecosystem inspired nature lovers to feel the serenity of plants, birds, and animals. The nearby flora and fauna bloom like a paintbrush drawing. The Wild Goose Island nearby popular peaks are over 8,000 feet are Red Eagle, Mahtotopa, Little Chief, Citadel, Dusty Star and many others.    

A very interesting history tells us, that two native tribes resided on opposite sides of Saint Mary’s Lake, they would not like to interpret each other despite some clashes and seldom fought. A smart warrior fell in love with another tribe beautiful girl. He was enticed with her beauty and leaped into the lake to swim to the island himself. They were betrothed after talked an hour and make a promise to meet again. When both tribes knew their love story, they got ready to break the betrothal instantly.

The couple flees to little Island and gets married. Both tribes chased them, but they transformed into geese, so they could fly away and would always be together. Hence, when both tribes reached there they could not find any man or woman, but two beautiful geese walking among the small trees and bracken. The geese stroked their necks and flew away and never to return. From that day, this little place is known as Wild Goose Island. Wild Goose Island spark the feeling of magnificence, drawing the attention of millions of visitors each year. 

Read More – The Lesser Goldfinch (Spinus psaltria) / The Himalayan Cutia / The fire-tailed myzornis

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Logan Pass, Montana United States

Logan Pass is in Glacier National Park, in the United States of Montana. Logan pass elevation 6,646 ft is the highest point on the Going-to-the-Sun Road reachable by car in the park. It is a famous starting point for hiking and backpacking trips. Highline Trail is the most popular trail, which heads north along the west side of the continental divide.

Another natural trail to Hidden Lake Overlook starts behind the visitor's center.  Here, Garden Wall, famous for the proliferation of wildflowers that grow in warm weather. Clements Mountain and Reynolds Mountain tower over fields of wildflowers that carpet the ground throughout the summer.

Also, on the east side of the pass, an area recognized as Big Drift, often records over 100 feet of snowfall in winter. Logan Pass named after Major Willian R. Logan, the first superintendent of the park. One of his best contributions to the park was hiring park rangers to make more trails within the Glacier National Park. Moreover, the pass visitor center is open during the summer season on the east side. But Pass is normally closed in winter due to avalanche hazards.

The Logan Pass Sun Road open from Mid to late June until 15^th October. The spectacular Mountain goats, bighorn sheep, Marmot, Pikas, and the sporadic grizzly bear unwieldy through the meadows offer remarkable wildlife viewing opportunities.

In 2014, there is 139 miles per hour wind gust was recorded at Logan Pass broke the earlier record of 133 mph in 2016. However, the average wind speed was 66 mph. The Logan Pass provides an imposing vantage point to view wildlife some of the most beautiful scenery in the world. If you want to really enjoy, then you should make an early plan or late in the day. Otherwise, parking is a big headache here.

Because rising sunlight on the mountains provides brilliant views to photographers and the chances to see wildlife. One of the most scenic stops on planet earth. One can plan to drive up there from both the east and west side of mountains, as lakes look completely different in each direction.

You can easily say that Glacier National Park is the Crown of the Continent, and Logan Pass is a most illustrious jewel. If you are looking for peace and serenity, then nothing is more romantic than setting up lawn chairs and counting the number of shooting stars that gash open Montana big sky. On the east side of the park, the Sun Road, it’s on to St. Mary’s Lake then to Many Glacier and points outside of the park-like Waterton Lakes. Source : CP

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