Monday 23 December 2019

The Historical Fátima Shrines in Portugal

As World War I was devastating Europe, three illiterate children in a poor village started experiencing multiple visions of the Virgin Mary in an isolated ravine called Cova da Iria. As the news spread quickly from Portuguese village to village, soon thousands of townspeople also experienced aspects of the apparition and the legend of Fátima started. 
Notwithstanding only three children as direct witnesses, thousands of others experienced a variety of miracles and strange sightings. Probably the most amazing was when 70,000 people filled the valley for the sixth apparition during a heavy downpour. 
And became astoundingly dry as the sun suddenly burst through the clouds concluding the sightings. After this event the three youngsters became world-renowned and the atmosphere of their peasant village would never be the same.
The story begins early in 1916 when nine-year-old Lúcia Santos was sent by her parents to tend the family’s sheep in the hills near the village of Fátima. Her cousins Francisco Marto aged just eight, and his six-year-old sister, “Jacinta”, also accompanied her. The children were walking along a hillside when they saw a vision of a human figure. Writing many years later of the event, Lúcia remembers, “It was a figure like a statue … a young man, about fourteen or fifteen, whiter than snow.”
The figure spoke to the children, directing them to pray three times with him, “My God, I believe, I adore.” Yet the children kept their first encounter a secret. The next year, in 1917, the Marian series of apparitions appeared to the children near the same place. The children first saw two flashes of lightning and then a “Lady, brighter than the sun, shedding rays of light” who said she was from heaven.
Lúcia the only one of the three children whoever spoke to the visions directly asked, “What do you want of me?” The Lady answered, “I want you to come here for six months in succession. Then I will tell you who I am and what I want.” The Lady also directed the children to pray every day for peace before she departed in a blinding light.
The children, uncertain of what had happened to them again. But they promised to keep quiet as they had before. However, later Jacinta let the subject slip to her parents. Soon the entire village knew of the supposed apparitions and started making fun of the children. Yet the children knew the apparitions were to continue through October, always on the 13th day of each month.
The second vision came to the children again on the prophesied date in front of 60 onlookers. After the second sighting, the apparitions were reported widely. Fátima is among the most visited shrines in the world devoted to the Virgin Mary. The site draws more than eight million visitors a year, putting it on par with Lourdes in southern France.
The information Mary conveyed to Lúcia during the apparitions remains a mystery. The three secrets of Fátima came during the July appearance when the lady prefigured the coming of World War II, another identified Russia’s “rejection of God,” and the final secret became a “sealed message” recorded by Lúcia, for the pope’s eyes only.
However, the officials opened the third secret in 1960, but only the pope knows the letter in its entirety. Part of the third message describes the 1981 assassination attempt on the pope. 
Also prophesied by Mary, both Francisco and Jacinta died soon after the apparitions ended during the worldwide influenza epidemic of 1918–1920. One of the final requests of the Virgin Mary was to have a place of worship devoted to her in the valley.
A small chapel built at Cova da Iris to commemorate the apparitions was destroyed by skeptics in 1922, only to be replaced by a massive square and towering church. Uncomfortable with all the attention, Lúcia left Fátima to become a nun in 1926, and in 1948 joined a Carmelite monastery in Spain where she still lives. She has only returned to the shrine a few times since it was built. In 1930, after thoroughly investigating the events of 1917, the Vatican authenticated the apparitions.
Getting to Fátima Sanctuary,
The Sanctuary of Fátima is also famous as Sanctuary of Our Lady of Fátima is a Catholic religious buildings and structures in Cova da Iria, in the civil parish of Fátima, in the municipality of Ourém, in Portugal. It is located in west-central Portugal, in the region of Leiria and approximately 87 miles (140 km) north-northeast of Lisbon.
Fátima is a small rural village in a rocky region whose main export product is olive oil. A train runs daily from Lisbon to Chão de Maças, 12.5 miles (20 km) outside Fátima. From there a 30-minute bus ride takes passengers from Chão de Maças into Fátima.



Sunday 22 December 2019

The Lost Treasure of Kelly’s Canyon, Idaho

Perhaps the most popular lost treasure in the whole of Eastern Idaho at least in terms of numbers of people who know of it and have tried to find it is Kelly's Canyon Gold. It is just off an oiled road leading to a prevalent ski lodge and is very easy to get to.  The gold lost in Kelly's Canyon originated in Virginia City, Montana. When gold was discovered in the Alder Gulch in 1861, the nearest railroad for transporting the gold to banks and supplies back for the mines were in Utah. Stagecoaches, freight wagons, and mule trains made their way northward loaded with supplies and people and returned southward with gold and people.
One of the more popular areas for the robberies were in the Portneuf Canyon south of Pocatello. Here, near McCammon, occurred one of the more unique robbery episodes which resulted in this, the most noted of the lost treasure stories in Eastern Idaho. Bill James and his partner, Jim Hall, were hidden behind a large boulder in the Portneuf Canyon. Several times they had heard the wheels and plodding horses of a freighter coming down the road, but they were waiting for the more measured trotting of the stagecoach horses.
They knew that the stages often carried gold as well as wealthy mine owners and they had determined to relieve the passengers and the stage of any gold or currency. They had picked their site because it was at the top of a small rise. Soon the stagecoach appeared coming over the hill with its horses laboring. The stage stopped to allow the horses a breather. At this point, James stepped into the road and Hall let himself be seen behind the boulder with his rifle pointed at the stage. Both men wore masks.
Shortly after the two outlaws disappeared a freighter showed up from the south. The stage drive persuaded the freighter to cut out one of his horses so that he could go back to Blackfoot to report the robbery and to obtain new horses for the stage. By the time the stage driver got to Blackfoot, it was getting dark and so a posse was organized to leave at first light. The two outlaws had been observed crossing the Snake River to the north of town and it was felt that they would not get too far during the night.
Early the next the morning the posse set out for Eagle Rock to see if their quarry had been seen there. Their inquiries found that two men with mules fitting the outlaw’s the description was about two hours ahead of them and headed in an easterly the direction towards where the South Fork of the Snake River enters the plain. James and Hall were soon spotted as the posse had nothing to slow them down.
They were on the north side of the Snake River near the Heise bridge. The outlaws saw the posse at the same time and whipped the mules to their top speed. The mules were to be the undoing of this pair. They could not outdistance the horses even if they were not loaded with gold. James had the line that was leading the mules and Hall decided to make it every man for himself. He left James on the flat just east of Heise and struck out on his own.
Near the mouth of Kelly's Canyon, the two disappeared from their pursuers as a heavy rain shower obscured them from view. The posse rode through the shower and spotted a rider disappearing around the bend of the river. They gave hot pursuit. The Snake River Canyon past this bend begins to narrow and eventually the north side ends in a solid rock wall. At this point, Hall decided to take a stand. It was an unwise decision and in the ensuing shootout, Hall was killed.
The posse was puzzled for a time as they knew there were two outlaws and some mules involved. They retraced their steps looking for a hiding place that James might have turned into. They decided they would have noticed anyone turning into any opening past the turn of the river. They moved quickly back to the flat east of Heise and discovered Kelly's Canyon branching to the north.
They moved carefully up the canyon for a few miles where they discovered the two mules and a saddle horse feeding quietly. Since it had just rained, they felt they would be able to find the outlaws tracks easily. They studied the ground and could find no sign. Then they have decided that the rain had destroyed any tracks. They searched the rest of the day and then made camp for the night. They resumed their search the next day and then decided that he had escaped.
There just was no trace found of James or the gold. The posse returned to Blackfoot with only the horse and the mules to show for their efforts. James had turned into the canyon in the middle of the storm. He had not gone far before he decided to try to hide the loot. He knew the posse might be delayed for a short time by the rain, but he also knew that with the amount of gold involved they would shortly be with him. At the mouth of a small canyon that branched onto Kelly's Canyon from the left, he stopped his horse and the two mules.
He did not know how much time he had before the posse would arrive, so he did most of the hiding of the gold the packs to a nearby pile of rocks chased the mules and the horse up the at a steady pace before he decided to himself. in great haste. He dragged and covered them. He is then canyon.
He got them moving to try to find a place to hide He was feeling quite proud of himself as the gold was hidden and the transport was far away from him. All he had to do now was to find a place to get out of the rain and wait. A little way up the canyon (Little Kelly's) he spied a cave through the trees.
He had to climb up a rock slope and then lift himself up to the opening which came to his waist. Once inside the cave, he felt secure. He could see through the trees where the gold was hidden but it would only be by chance that anyone saw this cave. He settled down to wait, shivering in the cold, soaked to the skin, but feeling satisfied. The click of a shoe against stone brought him to his feet to peer out of the cave. It was a few minutes before the posse came into view and then it was through the leaves.
The outlaw had a momentary panic as he wondered if he had left any sign on the trail that would suggest that he had stopped. The posse did not slow down and it was evident from their conversation that they were tired of the pursuit and wanted to get back to Blackfoot. He watched them slowly move up the canyon and disappear. One of them glanced his way and he shrank back from the cave opening. He was not seen, and the posse made its meticulous way of searching for signs. James huddled throughout the discovery.
He did not dare leave, canyon and then decided that he was a cave and made his way down to where the gold was buried, that without horses or mules he was not going to be able it. He looked around for a better burial spot as he had the gold in haste the day before. It took about an hour to uncover the gold, move it to a more secure place, bury it again, and then take note of the landmarks to ensure that he would then be able to find it in a year or so. night in the cave fearing the next day he studied the alone.
He climbed out of the He knew to move covered Now it was time to leave. He was not too sure of the country around him but to his knowledge the only town anywhere nearby was Blackfoot. He was not going back there. He looked up Kelly's Canyon. It rose dramatically and it was obvious that going that way would take him into the higher mountains.
He looked down the canyon and wondered if the posse had left a couple of men around a corner to see if he would emerge. He looked up Little Kelly's and knew that it went towards the west tapering to the north. We do not know which way he went out of Little Kelly’s, but we do know that his goal was to get to civilization and to lay low for a period. There he could have paid a he went up to Little Kelly's, and then joined the north- It is quite possible that in the town of Market Lake freighter to take him to Virginia City.
He stages passengers. still had some cash that he had taken from the From Virginia City we know that he made his way to the state of Washington. He wanted to place as much distance between himself and his pursuers as possible and yet still be not too far from his treasure. In Washington, he finally began to relax and quit looking over his shoulder. He arranged for room and board and began to contemplate his future. He also needed time to rest from his nervous exhaustion and to recuperate from the steadily worsening cold he was developing.
His cold progressed over the days into severe lung problems. His landlady fussed over him constantly and finally called a doctor. The doctor could not arrest the illness and felt that James was steadily deteriorating. The landlady spent several hours a day taking care of him and tried to supply for his every need. It is felt that the rain and exposure in Kelly's Canyon and the subsequent escape had done him in.
Finally, James called her in and told her that he felt sure that he was going to die. She had taken such good care of him that he wanted to share his wealth with her. She sent for the doctor and then sat by his bed to listen in fascination as he related his story in a sort of death-bed confession. He told her of several landmarks that would pinpoint the location of the treasure. As he was about to tell her how to line up the landmarks to lead right to the treasure, the doctor arrived.
He took one look at the ailing outlaw and asked the landlady to depart. Shortly afterward the doctor came out and announced that James had passed away. James' landlady was not sure whether to believe the story or not. It was now several months since the robbery had taken place. She inquired of the local press and discovered that a robbery had taken place in Idaho in the vicinity described by James. She also noted that the loot from the robbery had not been found. Travel from Washington to Eastern Idaho was not a small chore in the 1860 's and 1870s.
She promptly put the story out of her mind to attend to more serious matters. Several years later her fortunes took a turn for the worse. She needed some cash to make repairs on her boarding home and for other purposes. The story of the lost treasure kept coming back into her mind. Lastly, she made the decision to investigate. She put together a small stake and accompanied by a few friends, set out for Idaho. The Idaho she came to now have several settlements. There was a small resort as the site of the hot springs being operated by Richard Heise, who had homesteaded the area in 1894.
This resort made a great cover for the treasure hunt. They could appear to be riding or hiking from the resort while they hunted for the gold. Since there were occasional people around, they had to be quite cautious in what they said and did. Several thought the daily trips into the canyons around Heise by the group from Washington suggested they were on a big game hunt. The area described by James as the burial place for the gold was easily identifiable. His former landlady went right to Kelly's Canyon. She led the group up the canyon and turned into Little Kelly's Canyon, they spread out and quickly found the landmarks that told them they were in the right spot. She went to the left the landlady returned several summers to the Kelly's Canyon area.
Her success was the same each year. In frustration she blew up several cottonwood trees which had been mentioned as landmarks by James. After a few summers she was never seen in the vicinity again. The story of what she was looking for did come out. Perhaps her frustration with the labor and no discoveries caused her to talk. Bit-by-bit the story came out and the landmarks were discussed.
Listed below are the landmarks which the landlady obtained from James and which she used in her efforts to find the treasure.
1. Large rock balanced on a larger base.
2. The creek crosses the old worn trail.
3. Nearby stood alone cottonwood tree.
4. Beyond that small canyon branches with cottonwood tree in the center.
5. At the cottonwood tree in the slope of the smaller canyon is a hole in a small enough to crawl in.
6.  The junction of the two canyons, the two cottonwoods, the old trail where it crosses the creek, and up the entire slope of the draw looking east.
7. The treasure will be found at the two imaginary lines drawn from the four landmarks. It is estimated that the original theft came to fifty thousand dollars in gold plus whatever the passengers were carrying.
Hence, assuming James and Hall split the cash and incidentals, the treasure would still be intact. Fifty thousand dollars at fifteen dollars an ounce, as the price was in the days of the robbery, would suggest the gold weighed about two hundred and seventy pounds. This is using twelve troy ounces to the pound.
The prices of about three hundred and sixty dollars per ounce, the treasure would have increased from the fifty thousand to about one million, two hundred thousand dollars. Sounds like enough to cause one to want to look for it. If you can get yourself into the Heise Hot Springs area east of Ririe, Idaho, getting to the treasure site is easy.
You drive past Heise until you come to a split in the road. Take the left hand, paved fork and continue up the road. Today there is an oiled road going up against Kelly's Canyon with a ski resort just a few miles up from the mouth of the canyon. There is a stream flowing on the right side of the road for most of the canyon.
As you drive up the canyon watch on the right side of the road for the rock formation described above. Not too far up the canyon you can see a large rock balanced on a smaller base. The large rock almost resembles an ice cream cone balanced the way that it is. This rock suggests that you are in the vicinity of the lost treasure. Just past the rock a smaller canyon branches to the left. This is called Little Kelly's Canyon.
There is a large grassy area at the mouth of this smaller canyon with a little stream flowing down through the middle of it. The grassy area has been used for picnics and the parking of vehicles. There is a grove of trees on the southwest side of the stream. There is also a cliff on the left side of the canyon and a lesser sloped rise on the right. Straight ahead the canyon narrows and then it opens again. Walk to the large canyon wall that appears in front and to the right forming the narrow opening. Cross to the left and jump across the stream.
You will be in the grove of trees. If you look to the left and up, you will discover a small cave in the wall of rock on the left canyon wall. Don't go beyond the narrow part of the canyon. Climb up the trail leading to the cave. James says that he could see where he buried the gold from where he was inside of the cave. You can climb into the cave or just stand near the front of it and see what can be observed.
There is not a large amount of land in your vision. Looking from the cave entrance enables you to see the many landmarks mentioned and supposedly the spot where the gold was covered up. You can see where the trail probably went, and the creek probably crossed the trail although it may have wandered from spot to spot over the years. There are several Cottonwood trees around the area.
Put yourself efforts in trying had the foresight the gold may be canyon. in James' position and you can almost imagine him to hide the gold. Many have searched for this treasure in vain. Rumors suggest that it may have been found years ago, it would be extremely hard to keep such a find secret for this long of a time. It does create a good story.
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Wednesday 11 December 2019

The Great Sphinx in Egypt

The Sphinx has enchanted humankind for centuries. One of the things you will find fascinating about the Sphinx is that when you read some of the earliest historians’ works. Because they report about the pyramids, they mysteriously leave out the Sphinx. Could this mean that in the era of the ancient Egyptians there were periods when the Sphinx was covered with sand and nobody knew of its existence?
If you think about that for a moment, it’s highly fascinating, because what did that thing look like at the time it was built or right after it was built? Some scholars have also suggested that the current head on the Sphinx’s body is way too small for it to be proportional to the massive body.
So, all these theories have been proposed that may be at first, instead of it being a human head, it was the head of a lion or some other being. Who knows what else has happened over the long, long history of the Sphinx?
“The Sphinx shows signs of water erosion created by rain, which is evidence that it must predate 2500 BC”.
There are numerous questions, what was the Sphinx for? Why was it built? When the Sphinx was built? What are the real facts of Sphinx? It’s an incredible monument. It’s fantastic. It’s intricate. There is a story behind it but what is the story? And not sure what the answer is. What is geologist Dr. Robert Schoch’s theory that the Sphinx by far predates 2500 BC, the approximate date mainstream archaeologists believe that it was built.
Dr. Robert Schoch believes that the Sphinx shows signs of water erosion, which he believes was created by rain, which is evidence that it must predate 2500 BC. If we are to subscribe to the idea that the Sphinx displays markings of water erosion, then that means that what’s staring us in the face is much, much older than what mainstream science proposes.
That alone is sensational because it means that our whole race goes back much further in time than what we’ve been told. And that our society goes back much further in time too. Some have also anticipated that there is a mirror image of the Giza Plateau on Mars, with the three pyramids and even what may appear to be a Sphinx.
Now, if that were true, then that would have tremendous implications for us as a human race. The fence, but if the story of three pyramids and what appears to be a Sphinx on Mars is true, then that will be the perfect calling card for someone to make the extraterrestrial connection.
The importance of Sphinx increased due to its earliest ancient Egyptian cravings. The mysterious past, size, and age make it a very significance landscape on the Giza Plateau.  The 60 feet high, 241 feet long and 65 feet tall statue, carved with stone as its head a man wearing a royal headdress.
Egyptian history cannot complete without knowing ancient Sphinx. It is situated on the West Bank of Nile River at Giza Plateau. The Sphinx's head is like a human, but the body is like a lion. This mythological creature believed to depict the Egyptian Pharaoh Khafra.
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Friday 6 December 2019

The Ancient Skyscrapers

Far out on the Giza Plateau, in the desert on the outskirts of what is modern-day Cairo, Egypt, loom three of the most familiar and yet most mysterious megalithic structures in the world. The great pyramids of Egypt, like three bronze mountains, orphaned on the plain. The Great Pyramid of Khufu, the oldest and largest of the three, towers four hundred and eighty feet above the sand, or as high as a fifty-story skyscraper.
Weighing in at six and a half million tons, it took two and a half million blocks of stone to build the structure. And those two and a half million blocks of stone? They are believed to have come from a quarry five hundred miles away from the site of the pyramids. The average weight of each stone is an astonishing two and a half tons, with the heaviest stone weighing in at an estimated fifty to eighty tons.
The Great Pyramid is one of the greatest marvels of architectural engineering in world history. And yet archaeologists have long speculated about how the ancient Egyptians were able to build such a structure. In today’s largest construction sites and quarries, massive mega-machines are used to dig, cut, and lift the stone. These man-made vehicles dwarf their builders and perform the work of thousands of men, using modern hydraulic technology.
Without equipment such as bulldozers, cranes, forklifts, and excavators, builders could never construct modern skyscrapers. According to Egyptologists, the civilization that built the pyramids, however, had not yet invented the wheel, did not have pulleys, and had not discovered the iron. Mainstream Egyptologists believe that ancient Egyptians built the pyramids with only the simplest of tools: stone balls, copper chisels, rope.
But with these limited tools, how did they cut giant blocks of stone with such precision? Our ancestors, number one, had a completely different technological frame of reference from us. And number two, they didn’t have the words for things like cranes. At the time, they didn’t have the words for engines or machines or motors or helicopter blades or fuel pumps.
So, they described whatever they saw with the vocabulary they had access to that best described whatever it was they were witnessing. And therefore, we have such bizarre stories today of things flying up in the sky, or things descending, or people falling to the ground because the Earth was trembling and there was a lot of noise, fire, and whirling dust and wind. People thought they had a divine encounter when it was no such thing.
One question we must ask ourselves is how the inside of the pyramid was lit, because the deeper you go inside, the darker it gets, and after only a few corners, after walking through these shafts, it gets pitch-dark. There is no light in there from the outside. Suggestions have been made that the ancient Egyptians used copper mirrors in every corner of the corridors, diverting the sunlight from the outside all the way inside.
Though, the copper mirrors that were found from ancient Egyptian times were very dull. They weren’t highly polished mirrors as we are familiar with these days. There have been investigators who have set up these real-life experiments where they determined quickly that if these mirrors were indeed placed in these shafts. After only three or four corners, the sunlight would have dissipated and disappeared. So that theory didn’t hold up.
How did they transport massive blocks of stone hundreds of miles on the sand and then lift them precisely into place? In fact, there is little consensus among mainstream historians and Egyptologists as to the actual tools and methods used in constructing the pyramids. Notwithstanding years of research and study, archaeologists and Egyptologists remain indefinite.
The second theory was that they just used torches, but that would mean you would find leftovers of soot on the ceilings. As we understand it, though, no remnants of soot have ever been found. Even when they tested for microscopic leftovers, they didn’t find anything.
Hence, the only remaining conclusion is that the ancient Egyptians lit the inside with some type of artificial light source. Why am I discussing this? Is there evidence for an artificial light source? The answer is yes. in which they found those carvings are underground and it was always called the Secret Chamber of Secret Knowledge.
Only the high priests had access to those panels. Why? Is it because the high priests were the initiates who had direct contact with extraterrestrials who were taught how to handle these types of technology? The whole Giza Plateau is some sort of power plant.
Others have suggested that the reason we have pyramids and obelisks all around the world is that they have acted like some type of wireless technology stations relay stations that would transmit the power from one place to another.
And this is partly due to their crystalline properties. Now, think that that was the case? More of a nuts-and-bolts basic kind of guy, as in, sure, these might’ve been used for some type of power relay stations, and that’s highly fascinating. However, the main question is, how was it done? Because these things originate from a time when, according to mainstream archaeologists, we were carving with chicken bones.
You would be being facetious with the chicken bones, but even a copper tool doesn’t work on a granite boulder, you know if it requires cutting. Therefore, the copper tool is like a chicken bone. It’s physically impossible that it worked. We are talking about physics. You cannot cut a dense stone with a material that is softer than the stone in question.
The shape of a pyramid is one of the most telling common threads that we have in the entire ancient astronaut theory because pyramids exist worldwide. They exist not only where cultures were flourishing. But also, in places where at times there were no cultures flourishing and suddenly you find pyramid shapes. For example, in Central America they have stepped pyramids, and the ancient ziggurats of Sumer were also stepped.
We have pyramids in China and ancient Greece. Ecuador is filled with pyramids inside the jungle that have remained unexplored. The Cholula Pyramid in Mexico is the world’s largest monument ever constructed by human hands. In fact, the volume of the Cholula Pyramid the whole pyramid complex is around 4.45 million cubic meters. The great pyramid in Egypt has only 2.5 million cubic meters in volume.
The question is, Why? How is it that all around the world we find these similar structures? Because it doesn’t matter where we go, the construction styles are almost undistinguishable. It’s as if all these ancient builders went to the same school. Or, as the ancient astronaut theory recommends these people were all visited by the same teachers the same extraterrestrials and given these design ideas in order to build monuments that would withstand time. Because all these pyramids are nothing but calling cards for the future.
They’re unbelievable feats of technology and engineering, and a society with no evolution in technology would not really be able to pull them off without an evolution in technology. Moreover, the question then becomes, is it possible that the knowledge to build these structures was given by beings from above?
And by that, another very intriguing fact is that many of the ancient pyramids either align or are built-in some reference to the Orion and Sirius constellations. Why? The answer to that might be that those extraterrestrials came from those constellations. So, there is a solid possibility that extraterrestrials did come from exactly those spots in our galaxy.
Were the areas around these pyramids landing sites? Is that why the Chinese and Egyptians both oriented their pyramids toward Orion and Sirius? There may have been a connection. To me, this is evidence that flesh-and-blood extraterrestrials traveled around the Earth, sharing this knowledge with different ancient cultures.
When there are pyramids all around the world, to attribute that simply to coincidence is a cop-out. It is incredible to suggest that all of a sudden they all just woke up and decided to create these shapes in the form of pyramids. So, the fact that they all look similar and have these bizarre stories in conjunction with those pyramid shapes, I think that we have to start looking at these symbols and ask, how did they originate and from where?



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Wednesday 6 November 2019

Turnip Rock - Most Amazing Rock Formations

Turnip Rock is a beautiful geological formation in Michigan. It is wondrous stack formation located in Lake Huron a few meters off the coast in Port Austin. The massive stone formed after a millennium of being worn by crashing waves thumping across its bow. In prehistoric times, Turnip Rock gets separated from the mainland. Then with the passage of time, some small trees engulfed the rock. The powerful stormy waves undercut the large cross-section of its base.

The exclusive formation attracting thousands of visitors each year, despite it, is located on private property. Turnip Rock was part of 20 finalists of Seven The wonder of Michigan in 2013. Turnip Rock only accessible through water and no public road there or slogging across the frozen surface of Lake Huron. Moreover, to prevent the further undercutting a concrete collar has been built around the base of the rock.

The mesmerizing sculptured landmass is full of serenity. One can see about 20ft high trees and vegetation, acrobatic squirrels and very little else on the top of the isolated rock. However, on the west side, you can find thumb rock also called Thumbnail of Michigan.

Getting to unique natural rock is not difficult as it’s about a 3 to 4 hours of 7 miles round trip. The water around the Turnip Rock is comparatively shallow and does allow voyagers to park their boats and walk around.  Thus, one can upload a few photographs to all social media platforms. Also, be careful and put appropriate shoes, as the rocks can be quite slippery especially in the rainy weather.

The journey to soft limestone is for single kayak use only and is frequently accessible from March to mid-November. CNN called this place is one of the “Most Amazing Rock Formations” in the United States and Pure Michigan featured Turnip Rock on its magazine cover in 2016. Please keep important things with you, i.e., life jacket, sunscreen, sunglasses, towel, Mobile phone, and a dry bag. Also, take adequate water and something to munch on.
On the weekend, there are many paddlers enjoying the rock journey. If the area is quite rush, then move ahead to explore the cave, that features border the Pointe Aux Barques community. This cave was hideouts for fugitives for the late eighteen century. 
Related Reading !
  1. Brimham Rocks – Balancing Rock Formation of Yorkshire
  2. Wave Rock, A Strange Rock Formation in Australia
  3. The Shiprock New Mexico




Tuesday 5 November 2019

Jiaozhou Bay Bridge – The Marvel of Civil Engineering

The T-shaped Jiaozhou Bay Bridge is a 26.7 km long roadway bridge in eastern China's Shandong province. Out of 25.9 km are over water representing the total length of three legs of the bridge. It is also called Qingdao Haiwan Bridge which is part of the 41.58 km Jiaozhou Bay Connection Project. The purpose of the bridge as part of the plan to provide better connectivity between the two fast-growing industrial regions on either side of the Jiaozhou Bay.
Qingdao is a fast-growing coastal city, playing an intergyral part in the country’s development strategy. So, the ever-growing business could not meet the ferry service providing to passenger and cargo levels. Jiaozhou Bay Bridge longest continuous segment is 25.9 km making it one of longest bridges in the world. This bridge reduces the road distance between eastern port city of Qingdao and an offshore island, Huangdao by 30 km and travel time from 20 to 30 minutes.
The main entry and exit points in Huangdao and the Licang District of Qingdao. The Bay bridge construct with the mammoth 450,000 tons of steel and 2.3 cubic meters of concrete supported by 5,238 concrete piles. The Jiaozhou Bay Bridge can face any catastrophic natural disastrous. It is designed to tackle the severe earthquakes (more than 8 magnitude), typhoons, even collision of gigantic ship (300,000-ton vessel).
The bridge cross-section comprises of two beams in total 115 ft wide carrying six lanes with two shoulders. The bridge is part of the Jiaozhou Bay Connection Project, which includes overland expressways and the Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay tunnel. The total length of the project is 41.58 km. The Jiaozhou Bay has an annual ice period of two months expected to have at least 100 years of lifespan.
Moreover, cushion caps made the bridge’s pillars from the force of waves and freezing. Hence, considering the bay freezes annually and holds high volumes of salt, waves, and freezing patterns.  The water design of these 1,258 cushion caps adequately protects the bridge.
Jiaozhou Bay Bridge was opened for the public on 30th June 2011. After that Guinness World Records listed it the longest bridge over frozen water (total length). The record was taken by the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge in October 2018. Jiaozhou Bay Bridge had the first oversea interchange in the world and that it has the world's largest number of oversea bored concrete piles.
The idea was presented by the Chinese Communist Party, and it took four years to complete at a massive cost of US$8.8 billion. There are several concerns raised regarding the quality of material used in construction. Such as poor crash-barriers, missing lighting, and loose nuts on guard nails. However, the bridge chief engineer rejects the safety concerns and claimed perfect for traffic and meeting the safety measures.
Jiaozhou Bay Bridge combines all the fields of civil engineering for an impressive result. Jiaozhou Bay Bridge claims to be the first self-anchored suspension bridge in the world with a single tower, which is 149m high.